腹部脂肪与较高的过早死亡风险有关，无论您的体重如何

: By 丽贝卡·邓贝尔（Rebecca Dumbell）

感谢造访 InnerSelf.com，哪里有 20,000+ 宣传“新态度和新可能性”的改变生活的文章。所有文章均翻译为 30多种语言. 订阅每周出版的《内在自我》杂志和玛丽·T·拉塞尔的《每日灵感》。 InnerSelf杂志 自 1985 年起出版。

苹果形的人将更多的脂肪存储在腹部，而梨形的人将其存储在下半身。 红色机密/ Shutterstock

众所周知，腰部多余的脂肪会危害您的健康，从而增加患上以下疾病的风险：输入2型糖尿病和心脏病。但是最近的一项研究研究发现，无论体重多高，腹部脂肪携带量增加的人死于早亡的风险都更高–实际上，每增加11cm的腰围，随访期间的死亡人数就会增加10％。

The researchers included 72 studies in their review, which contained data on 2.5 million people.研究人员在其综述中纳入了XNUMX项研究，其中包含XNUMX万人的数据。 They then analysed the combined data on body shape measures, looking at waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-thigh ratio, and waist and thigh circumference – in other words, all the areas where a person naturally stores fat.然后，他们分析了有关体形测量的组合数据，查看了腰臀比，腰臀比以及腰围和大腿围-换句话说，一个人自然存储脂肪的所有区域。

Beside the finding on belly fat, the researchers also found that people who tend to store more fat on the hips and thighs – instead of their abdomen – had a lower risk of dying sooner, with each extra 5cm thigh circumference associated with an 18% reduced risk of death during the follow-up period (between 3-24 years, depending on the study).除了发现腹部脂肪外，研究人员还发现，倾向于在臀部和大腿上而不是腹部上储存更多脂肪的人，死亡的风险较低，大腿围每增加XNUMX厘米，则死亡率降低XNUMX％。随访期间（XNUMX-XNUMX年之间，取决于研究）死亡风险。 But why might this be the case?但是为什么会这样呢？ The answer has to do with the type of fat tissue we tend to store in certain areas of our body.答案与我们倾向于储存在人体某些部位的脂肪组织的类型有关。

Body fat (known as adipose tissue) plays an important role in our physiology.体脂（称为脂肪组织）在我们的生理中起着重要作用。 Its main purpose is to take glucose from the blood and safely其主要目的是从血液中安全摄取葡萄糖储存能量为脂质 inside our fat cells, which our body uses later for fuel.在我们的脂肪细胞中，我们的身体以后将其用作燃料。 Our fat cells also produce我们的脂肪细胞也会产生激素信号 that influence many body processes, including appetite.影响许多身体过程，包括食欲。 Adipose tissue is therefore important for good metabolic health.因此，脂肪组织对于良好的代谢健康很重要。

But having too little adipose tissue can affect how well blood sugar levels are regulated in the body.但是，脂肪组织过少会影响人体对血糖水平的调节。 Insulin regulates healthy blood sugar levels, telling fat cells to take up glucose from the blood and store it for later.胰岛素调节健康的血糖水平，告诉脂肪细胞吸收血液中的葡萄糖并将其存储以备后用。 Without enough adipose tissue (a condition known as没有足够的脂肪组织（这种情况称为脂肪营养不良），此过程无法正常进行-导致胰岛素抵抗，这可能导致糖尿病。

Although fat is important for good metabolic health, where we store it (and the kind of fat tissue it is) can have different health consequences.尽管脂肪对于良好的代谢健康很重要，但是我们在其中储存脂肪（及其脂肪组织的种类）可能会产生不同的健康后果。 Research shows that people with the same height and weight, but who store their fat in different places have研究表明，身高和体重相同但在不同地方储存脂肪的人不同的风险发展某些代谢性疾病，如 2型糖尿病和心血管疾病.

内脏与皮下

Body shape is influenced by where fat is stored in our body.身体形状受体内脂肪存储位置的影响。 For example, “apple shaped” people store more fat around their waist and are likely to例如，“苹果形”人的腰部储存更多脂肪，并且很可能会储存更多脂肪在器官周围的身体里内脏脂肪。 “梨形”的人的大腿较大，并且在皮肤下方均匀分布更多的脂肪。皮下脂肪.

博曼不同的脂肪仓库已可以选用不同的生理特性和表达不同的基因。 It's thought that different visceral and subcutaneous fat depots develop from认为不同的内脏和皮下脂肪库不同的前体细胞 –可以变成脂肪细胞的细胞。

内脏脂肪被认为更多胰岛素抵抗，因此罹患2型糖尿病的风险更高。 Body fat stored around the waist also releases more blood triglycerides in response to腰部存储的身体脂肪还可以释放更多的血液甘油三酸酯压力激素信号 compared to hip and thigh fat.比起臀部和大腿的脂肪。 High blood trigylceride levels are associated with greater risk of血液甘油三酸酯水平高与罹患高甘油三酸酯的风险有关心脏疾病。 This is partly why visceral fat is seen as as more harmful than subcutaneous fat.这就是为什么内脏脂肪比皮下脂肪更具危害性的部分原因。

内脏脂肪可能有害。 Yekatseryna Netuk / Shutterstock

另一方面，臀部和大腿皮下脂肪可以更好吸收这些甘油三酸酯从血液中安全地储存它们，以防止身体将它们错误地储存在肌肉或肝脏中，这可能会导致肝病。 Subcutaneous fat tissue can even develop specialised皮下脂肪组织甚至可以发育 “米色”脂肪细胞 that are able to burn fat.能够燃烧脂肪。 For these reasons, subcutaneous fat is thought of as safer – even protective against metabolic disease.由于这些原因，皮下脂肪被认为更安全-甚至可以抵抗代谢性疾病。

It's thought that in some people subcutaneous fat stores run out of storage space (or the ability to make new fat cells) sooner than in others.据认为，在某些人中，皮下脂肪存储比其他人更快地耗尽了存储空间（或制造新脂肪细胞的能力）。 This means more fat will be stored in the less safe visceral depots.这意味着更多的脂肪将储存在不太安全的内脏仓库中。 Visceral fat can cause内脏脂肪会导致炎症，最终导致代谢和心血管疾病。 And if fat can no longer be stored in adipose tissue, eventually lipid can accumulate elsewhere – including the heart, muscles, and liver – which again can而且，如果不再能够将脂肪存储在脂肪组织中，则最终脂质会积聚在其他地方，包括心脏，肌肉和肝脏，这又可以导致疾病.

与身高一样，您的基因在体重和身体形态中起着很大的作用。大型遗传学研究已经确定了400多个最小的基因组差异 that might contribute to body-fat distribution.可能有助于人体脂肪的分配。 For example, people who have a mutation in the LRP5 gene carry例如，LRPXNUMX基因突变的人携带腹部脂肪更多 and less in their lower body.而在他们的下半身更少。 However, these tiny genetic differences are common in the population, affecting most of us in one way or another – and may explain why humans have such a range of different body shapes.但是，这些微小的遗传差异在人群中很常见，以一种或另一种方式影响着我们大多数人，这也许可以解释为什么人类具有如此不同的身体形状。

Unfortunately, this means that it might be more difficult for a person who naturally stores fat around their waist to maintain good health.不幸的是，这意味着对于自然地将脂肪储存在腰间的人来说，保持良好的健康可能会更加困难。 But research also shows that weight loss can reduce visceral fat and improve但是研究还表明，减肥可以减少内脏脂肪并改善代谢健康。 So what is important to remember is that body shape is only a risk factor, and even with these differences you can still lower your risk of chronic disease if you maintain a healthy lifestyle.因此，要记住的重要一点是，身体形状只是一个危险因素，即使有这些差异，如果您保持健康的生活方式，仍然可以降低患慢性病的风险。